[We suffer from] a confusion of ideas about what people need to know. ...We cannot get out of the dilemma by:

(1) making a great effort to educate everyone to the point where they know enough to make these [business] decisions, nor
(2) by restricting participation to the people who do know about all these [business] matters.

No one [person] knows enough ... to run the [business]. People are able to survive ... by learning to distinguish between what they must know and what they do not need to know. ... This is a problem of leadership, organization, alternatives and systems of responsibility and confidence. – E. E. Schattschneider (1960). The Semisovereign People