Simpson's Paradox
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Site Images Figure 2. Smokers and Sleep II. Calculation showing how to reverse findings using Simpson's Paradox+. The contention of the study is that smokers are more tired. Simply by differentiating patients by obesity (obese vs. non-obese) the results of the trial can be completely reversed. Both obese and non-obese smokers are now less tired than their non-smoking comparators.
